{"id":14790,"date":"2024-09-03T13:14:16","date_gmt":"2024-09-03T10:14:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.minicrm.ro\/blog\/?p=14790"},"modified":"2024-09-03T14:59:59","modified_gmt":"2024-09-03T11:59:59","slug":"principiile-lean-cum-sa-faci-din-compania-ta-o-masinarie-lean","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.minicrm.ro\/blog\/2024\/09-03\/principiile-lean-cum-sa-faci-din-compania-ta-o-masinarie-lean\/","title":{"rendered":"Principiile Lean &#8211; cum s\u0103 transformi compania ta \u00eentr-o &#8220;ma\u0219in\u0103rie&#8221; Lean"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>O companie bine condus\u0103 se caracterizeaz\u0103 printr-o varietate de lucruri, iar dou\u0103 sunt sigure: se concentreaz\u0103 pe satisfac\u021bia clien\u021bilor \u0219i nu sunt dispuse s\u0103 iroseasc\u0103 bani, energie sau ore de munc\u0103. Toate bune \u0219i frumoase, dar cum le pui \u00een practic\u0103? \u0218i cum faci asta \u00een propria companie? Desigur, nu exist\u0103 o formul\u0103 magic\u0103, dar este clar c\u0103 modelul de management \u0219i de operare <em>lean<\/em> reprezint\u0103 o baz\u0103 bun\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cuv\u00e2ntul \u201elean\u201d \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u00een sine \u201cslab\u201d. Adic\u0103, imagineaz\u0103-\u021bi o companie care a fost dezbr\u0103cat\u0103 de toate excesele \u0219i lucrurile inutile. Tot ceea ce duce nu la succes, ci la pierderi \u0219i clien\u021bi nemul\u021bumi\u021bi. Cite\u0219te mai departe dac\u0103 vrei s\u0103 afli cum po\u021bi implementa un sistem lean \u00een compania ta!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce este managementul lean?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pentru a \u00een\u021belege ce este abordarea lean, trebuie mai \u00eent\u00e2i s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem istoria acesteia. Pentru a face acest lucru, trebuie s\u0103 ne \u00eentoarcem \u00een timp cu nu mai pu\u021bin de 450 de ani. Mai exact, \u00een Vene\u021bia, \u00een jurul anului 1570. Aici au fost construite cele mai bune galioane din lume, cu o eficien\u021b\u0103 uimitoare. O \u00eentreag\u0103, \u0219i imens\u0103, nav\u0103 se putea construi \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 zi. Cum au f\u0103cut-o? Urm\u00e2nd principiul fluxului continuu (care este \u0219i ast\u0103zi una dintre pietrele de temelie ale lean-ului): toate etapele de produc\u021bie au fost plasate c\u00e2t mai aproape una de cealalt\u0103, at\u00e2t \u00een timp, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een spa\u021biu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Astfel, au redus la minimum pierderile datorate manipul\u0103rii materialelor, a\u0219tept\u0103rii \u0219i lipsei de informa\u021bii. Totul \u0219i to\u021bi se aflau \u00een acela\u0219i loc, pe o \u201elinie de asamblare\u201d bine organizat\u0103. \u0218i apropo de linia de asamblare, urm\u0103toarea oprire important\u0103 pe linia lean este fabrica de automobile a lui Henry Ford. Acesta a fost p\u0103rintele produc\u021biei \u00een mas\u0103 \u0219i al produc\u021biei pe linie de asamblare. El \u00eensu\u0219i a numit-o produc\u021bie de flux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dac\u0103 este s\u0103 c\u0103ut\u0103m cel mai important moment istoric \u00een lean management, acesta nu poate fi altul dec\u00e2t cel \u00een care japonezul Tojoda Sakichi a vizitat celebra fabric\u0103 Ford \u00een 1924. Viitorul fondator al fabricii Toyota \u00eenc\u0103 producea ma\u0219ini de \u021besut la vremea respectiv\u0103, iar ceea ce a v\u0103zut \u00een SUA a avut o influen\u021b\u0103 decisiv\u0103 asupra sa. At\u00e2t de mult, \u00eenc\u00e2t \u00een anii 1930, c\u00e2nd deja fabricau ma\u0219ini, au creat sistemul de produc\u021bie Toyota \u00een baza acestuia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen deceniile care au urmat, lean a c\u00e2\u0219tigat o popularitate enorm\u0103 \u00een Japonia, \u00een principal prin munca lui Sigeo Sigeo, c\u0103ruia i se atribuie \u0219i metodele poka-yoke \u0219i SMED. Termenul lean a fost inventat \u00een 1988, datorit\u0103 lui John Krafcik, care a denumit sistemul \u00eentr-un articol de ziar. \u00cen prezent, lean este una dintre cele mai r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite filozofii de organizare a muncii \u0219i de produc\u021bie din lume, \u0219i este utilizat\u0103 cu succes nu numai \u00een produc\u021bie \u0219i fabrica\u021bie, ci \u00een toate domeniile de activitate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cum putem rezuma esen\u021ba abord\u0103rii lean? Ei bine, s-ar putea spune c\u0103 este o abordare a managementului produc\u021biei, al c\u0103rei obiectiv principal pentru a maximiza eficien\u021ba este eliminarea pierderilor. Pierderile pot ap\u0103rea \u00een multe locuri diferite: pierderi atunci c\u00e2nd materialul trebuie s\u0103 fie transportat sau mutat \u00een interiorul fabricii. Pierderi atunci c\u00e2nd produsul este ambalat \u00een ambalaje redundante sau c\u00e2nd sunt produse zeci de rapoarte pe care nu le cite\u0219te nimeni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Principiile Lean pentru a lucra mai eficient<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Cele dou\u0103 principii de baz\u0103 ale lean sunt eliminarea risipei \u0219i respectul fa\u021b\u0103 de oameni. Am vorbit deja despre risip\u0103, a\u0219a c\u0103 haide\u021bi s\u0103 vedem ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 respect pentru oameni. \u00censeamn\u0103 c\u0103 unei companii lean \u00eei pas\u0103 de oamenii s\u0103i, le ascult\u0103 nevoile \u0219i le ofer\u0103 tot sprijinul de care au nevoie pentru a da tot ce au mai bun \u0219i pentru a se dezvolta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Conform principiului Lean, oamenii sunt cel mai valoros activ al unei companii, deci este o pierdere dac\u0103 ace\u0219tia nu se simt confortabil, nu au condi\u021bii ideale de munc\u0103 \u0219i nu pot vedea obiectivele \u0219i sensul muncii lor. \u00cen acest context, un lider care urmeaz\u0103 un sistem lean este, de asemenea, foarte diferit de \u0219eful tradi\u021bional: el sau ea tinde s\u0103 se concentreze mai degrab\u0103 pe sprijin, comunicare \u0219i transparen\u021b\u0103, dec\u00e2t pe oferirea de instruc\u021biuni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un sistem Lean poate fi introdus \u00een orice companie, \u00een orice domeniu, dar urmeaz\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna acelea\u0219i cinci etape:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Determinarea a ceea ce este valoros pentru client (valoare)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stabilirea procesului care poate produce acea valoare (fluxul de valori)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Operarea procesului astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t materialele, piesele \u0219i informa\u021biile s\u0103 poat\u0103 circula liber (flux)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Asigurarea faptului c\u0103 procesul produce numai ce, c\u00e2nd, cum vrea clientul \u0219i \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bile cerute (pull)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea \u0219i perfec\u021bionarea continu\u0103 a sistemului (kaizen\/perfec\u021bionare)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e2teva exemple reale de produc\u021bie lean<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nike<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Cu aproape opt sute de fabrici \u00een \u00eentreaga lume, nu este surprinz\u0103tor faptul c\u0103 Nike acord\u0103 o prioritate ridicat\u0103 evit\u0103rii proceselor redundante \u0219i de\u0219eurilor. Pentru a realiza acest lucru, a introdus practici de \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bire continu\u0103, iar \u00een 2011 a creat un cadru bazat pe sistemul lean. Acesta a definit puncte cheie \u0219i indicatori pentru a reduce ne\u00een\u021belegerile, risipa \u0219i neconcordan\u021bele \u00een produc\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un element important al cadrului este produc\u021bia \u201clean, just-in-time (JIT) &#8211; exact la timp\u201d. Aceasta implic\u0103 un sistem simplu de inventariere prin care Nike produce numai atunci c\u00e2nd exist\u0103 o cerere real\u0103 de produc\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Intel<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Produc\u0103torul american de chip-uri nu mai are nevoie de prezentare \u0219i poate c\u0103 nici nu mai trebuie s\u0103 men\u021bion\u0103m c\u0103 la Intel se accept\u0103 numai cea mai \u00eenalt\u0103 calitate, pentru c\u0103 aceasta este ceea ce a\u0219teapt\u0103 clien\u021bii de la ei. Pentru a face fa\u021b\u0103 cererii \u00een cre\u0219tere, au avut dou\u0103 op\u021biuni: cea evident\u0103 ar fi fost reducerea timpului necesar pentru produc\u021bie. Totu\u0219i, acest lucru ar fi redus probabil calitatea \u0219i ar fi crescut num\u0103rul de produse defecte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prin urmare, Intel a decis altfel \u0219i a apelat la p\u00e2rghii. A\u0219a au redus lucr\u0103rile \u00een curs (WIP), adic\u0103 materiile prime, stocurile \u0219i produsele finite inutile, \u0219i au sc\u0103pat de procesele redundante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Banca din America<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Aici avem un exemplu excelent al modului \u00een care sistemul lean poate aduce solu\u021bii \u00een mai multe etape dec\u00e2t cea de produc\u021bie. La Bank of America, satisfac\u021bia clien\u021bilor era sc\u0103zut\u0103 din cauza proceselor organizate prost. Introducerea incorect\u0103 a datelor, \u00eenregistrarea t\u00e2rzie a tranzac\u021biilor \u0219i \u00eent\u00e2rzierile erau frecvente. Abord\u0103rile \u0219i metodele lean au fost utilizate pentru a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi semnificativ eficien\u021ba, \u00een timp ce indicatorii de performan\u021b\u0103 au fost utiliza\u021bi pentru a ra\u021bionaliza procesele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.minicrm.ro\/ce-este-un-crm\/\">MiniCRM<\/a> \u0219i metodologia lean<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La fel cum nu \u00ee\u021bi po\u021bi \u021bine compania \u00een cap, nu po\u021bi nici s\u0103 aplici metoda lean f\u0103r\u0103 ajutorul unui software. Vei avea nevoie de un sistem care s\u0103 trag\u0103 sforile \u0219i \u00een care s\u0103 ai procese transparente. Este exact ceea ce ofer\u0103 MiniCRM, pe care \u00eel po\u021bi folosi cu \u00eencredere dac\u0103 e\u0219ti \u00een c\u0103utarea unui software care s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi sprijine tranzi\u021bia spre opera\u021biunile lean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cunoa\u0219te-\u021bi clientul astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 po\u021bi ad\u0103uga valoare<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>La fel ca to\u021bi managerii de rela\u021bii cu clien\u021bii, \u0219i MiniCRM poate stoca toate datele despre clien\u021bii t\u0103i \u00eentr-un singur loc &#8211; \u0219i \u00een detalii uimitoare. Po\u021bi vizualiza \u00eentregul lor istoric cu un singur click sau chiar s\u0103 creezi diferite categorii de clien\u021bi. \u00cen acest fel, vei fi mereu la curent cu nevoile, starea actual\u0103 \u0219i dificult\u0103\u021bile clien\u021bilor, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 le po\u021bi oferi o experien\u021b\u0103 personalizat\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Iar dac\u0103 vrei s\u0103 \u0219tii ce a\u0219teapt\u0103 ace\u0219tia de la compania ta, adic\u0103 ce valoare \u00ee\u0219i doresc, po\u021bi efectua cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 sondaje cu ajutorul automatiz\u0103rii MiniCRM. Expeditorul \u00eencorporat \u00een buletinele informative faciliteaz\u0103 lucrurile de la bun \u00eenceput, dar nu exist\u0103 nici o barier\u0103 pentru trimiterea de e-mailuri f\u0103r\u0103 interven\u021bie uman\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Procese asem\u0103n\u0103toare celor din fabrici \u0219i \u00een compania ta<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Cum po\u021bi evita risipa, sau munca inutil\u0103? Lucr\u00e2nd dup\u0103 procese bine definite, predefinite, care ghideaz\u0103 m\u00e2inile colegilor t\u0103i. \u00cen MiniCRM, po\u021bi chiar s\u0103 organizezi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.minicrm.ro\/tur\/vanzari\/\">v\u00e2nz\u0103rile<\/a>, marketingul, resursele umane sau dezvoltarea de produse, \u00een procese. Astfel munca de calitate este garantat\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 pierzi timp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Agen\u021bia SEO ALH Consulting este un bun exemplu c\u0103 acest lucru nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103 doar pentru companiile de produc\u021bie. Potrivit proprietarului Zolt\u00e1n P\u00e1l, \u201e120 de automatiz\u0103ri diferite ajut\u0103 procesul de v\u00e2nz\u0103ri din momentul \u00een care numele unui poten\u021bial client intr\u0103 \u00een sistem. Automatiz\u0103rile controleaz\u0103 sarcinile, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t este \u00eentotdeauna clar care este urm\u0103torul pas, care poate fi efectuat f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 stai pe g\u00e2nduri \u0219i \u00een timp record.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Urm\u0103re\u0219te implementarea, depisteaz\u0103 gre\u0219elile<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Cu ajutorul managerului de sarcini profesional \u0219i u\u0219or de utilizat al MiniCRM, colegii \u00ee\u0219i pot gestiona \u00een mod clar sarcinile \u0219i \u00ee\u0219i pot atribui sarcini \u00eentre ei. Acesta este fluxul perfect de informa\u021bii. \u0218i po\u021bi urm\u0103ri pe o tabl\u0103 kanban progresul fiec\u0103rei sarcini sau a unui proiect major. Astfel, po\u021bii vedea imediat dac\u0103 o sarcin\u0103 este blocat\u0103, nu este finalizat\u0103 la timp sau are nevoie de anumite informa\u021bii sau interven\u021bii. Managerul de sarcini \u0219i Kanban te ajut\u0103, de asemenea, s\u0103 identifici procesele care nu sunt eficient \u0219i care \u00ee\u021bi r\u0103pesc timp de lucru pre\u021bios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vezi prin compania ta, pentru a \u0219ti c\u00e2t de mult\u0103 cerere exist\u0103<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Cu MiniCRM, nu mai trebuie s\u0103 iei decizii orbe\u0219te. A \u00eenceput era managementului afacerilor bazat pe date. Cu rapoartele inteligente generate de sistem, vei avea o vizibilitate f\u0103r\u0103 precedent \u00een fiecare domeniu al afacerii tale. De exemplu, v\u00e2nz\u0103rile, care \u00ee\u021bi pot spune acum exact c\u00e2t\u0103 cerere exist\u0103 din partea clien\u021bilor &#8211; cu alte cuvinte, c\u00e2t\u0103 \u201ecapacitate de produc\u021bie\u201d trebuie s\u0103 acumulezi. \u00cen MiniCRM po\u021bi, de asemenea, s\u0103 monitorizezi performan\u021ba colegilor \u0219i s\u0103 observi evolu\u021bia veniturilor sau a num\u0103rului de clien\u021bi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pune-\u021bi afacerea \u00een contact cu oamenii<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce face ca o companie s\u0103 fie uman\u0103? S\u0103 prive\u0219ti lucrurile din punctul de vedere al clientului, \u00eenseamn\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eei cuno\u0219ti nevoile, s\u0103 \u00eei con\u0219tientizezi situa\u021bia \u0219i s\u0103 \u0219tii care sunt urm\u0103torii pa\u0219i. Pentru c\u0103 po\u021bi vedea \u00eentregul parcurs al clientului \u00een MiniCRM, ve\u021bi \u0219ti totul despre acesta cu un singur click. Este u\u0219or s\u0103 comunici \u00eentr-un mod personalizat, care arat\u0103 grija \u0219i aten\u021bia fa\u021b\u0103 de client.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Iar dac\u0103 prive\u0219ti lucrurile din punctul de vedere al colegilor, MiniCRM este acolo pentru a sprijini \u0219i procesele de resurse umane f\u0103r\u0103 probleme. Sistemul te notific\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd un angajat are o aniversare sau o zi de na\u0219tere \u0219i chiar \u00eei trimite automat o felicitare prin SMS sau e-mail. Iar o companie \u00een care nu exist\u0103 haos creeaz\u0103 un mediu de lucru relaxat pe care colegii \u00eel vor aprecia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Te \u00eentrebi cum ar putea func\u021biona MiniCRM \u00een practic\u0103 pentru compania ta? <a href=\"https:\/\/www.minicrm.ro\/signup\/try-b\/?pk_abe=signup-try-23-08-05&amp;pk_abv=b\">\u00cencearc\u0103-l gratuit<\/a>, f\u0103r\u0103 niciun angajament, timp de 14 zile, \u0219i f\u0103 primii pa\u0219i c\u0103tre sistematizare \u0219i eficien\u021b\u0103!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O companie bine condus\u0103 se caracterizeaz\u0103 printr-o varietate de lucruri, iar dou\u0103 sunt sigure: se concentreaz\u0103 pe satisfac\u021bia clien\u021bilor \u0219i nu sunt dispuse s\u0103 iroseasc\u0103 bani, energie sau ore de munc\u0103. Toate bune \u0219i frumoase, dar cum le pui \u00een practic\u0103? \u0218i cum faci asta \u00een propria companie? Desigur, nu exist\u0103 o formul\u0103 magic\u0103, dar [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":71,"featured_media":14793,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[563,28,174,376,24],"tags":[435,438,1029,1035,444,1041],"class_list":["post-14790","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-crm","category-management-sfaturi-afaceri-mici","category-marketing-campanii-masurabile","category-minicrm-sfaturi-implementare-crm","category-sfaturi-crestere-vanzari-crm","tag-crm","tag-crm-vanzari","tag-lean","tag-lean-principle","tag-management-echipa","tag-procese"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Principiile Lean - cum s\u0103 transformi compania ta \u00eentr-o &quot;ma\u0219in\u0103rie&quot; Lean<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"O companie bine condus\u0103 se caracterizeaz\u0103 printr-o varietate de lucruri, iar dou\u0103 sunt sigure: se concentreaz\u0103 pe satisfac\u021bia clien\u021bilor \u0219i nu sunt\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.minicrm.ro\/blog\/2024\/09-03\/principiile-lean-cum-sa-faci-din-compania-ta-o-masinarie-lean\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Principiile Lean - cum s\u0103 transformi compania ta \u00eentr-o &quot;ma\u0219in\u0103rie&quot; 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